Unlocking Hidden Layers: The Power of Symbolism in Novels
Symbolism is a powerful literary device that authors use to imbue their narratives with deeper meaning, creating layers of significance that resonate beyond the literal plot. This technique involves the use of symbols—objects, characters, or events—that represent more than their face value, enriching the reader's experience and offering insights into themes, emotions, and social commentary. Just for giggles, and since I’ve had mice on the brain, let’s explore the role of symbolism in novels, some examples from classic literature, and how to find and interpret the use of it.
(This may also turn into a classic book review by me.)
The Role of Symbolism in Storytelling
Enhancing Themes: Symbols are often used to underscore the central themes of a novel. In F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby—one of those many books I “read” in school and didn’t enjoy much—the green light at the end of Daisy's dock symbolizes Gatsby's unattainable dream and the broader theme of the American Dream's corruption.
Developing Characters: Through symbolism, authors can add depth to their characters. In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, the scarlet letter "A" worn by Hester Prynne evolves in meaning from adultery to able and angel, reflecting Hester's personal growth and society's changing perception of her.
Creating Atmosphere: Symbols can also help set the tone and mood of a story. In George Orwell's 1984, the ever-watchful Big Brother represents the pervasive surveillance and oppressive control of the totalitarian regime, contributing to the novel's chilling atmosphere. Speaking of, good thing I used mice and not rats in Operation Elite, eh?
Facilitating Reader Engagement: Symbolism invites readers to look beyond the surface, engaging them in a more active reading process. This deepens their connection to the text as they uncover and interpret these hidden meanings.
Iconic Examples of Symbolism in Literature
Moby-Dick by Herman Melville: Admittedly, I’ve never read this one, but I’ve heard that the white whale, Moby Dick, symbolizes different things to different characters, embodying the theme of obsession. For Captain Ahab, the whale represents the ultimate evil that must be conquered, while for Ishmael, it signifies the unfathomable mystery of the natural world.
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee: Much like the various doomed mice in Operation Elite, the mockingbird symbolizes innocence and goodness. Atticus Finch tells his children that it is a sin to kill a mockingbird, referring to the idea that harming innocent people, like Tom Robinson and Boo Radley, is wrong.
Lord of the Flies by William Golding: This was one of the only books assigned for school that I actually read and actually liked. The conch shell represents law, order, and civilization. When the conch is shattered, it symbolizes the complete breakdown of society and the descent into savagery among the boys on the island. And I have to say, the breakdown of the society in Lord of the Flies is well worth the ride.
How to Identify and Interpret Symbols
Look for Repeated Elements: This one is pretty obvious. Pay attention to objects, colors, or images that recur throughout the novel. Their repetition often signals symbolic importance or foreshadowing.
Consider Context: Think about how the symbol is used in different situations and what it might represent in each context. Contextual clues can help reveal deeper meanings.
Reflect on Themes: Relate symbols to the overarching themes of the novel. Consider how they enhance your understanding of the story's message and the characters' journeys.
Analyze Descriptions: Authors often provide subtle hints through their descriptions. Note any unusual descriptions or detailed attention given to certain objects or actions.
Conclusion
Symbolism is an essential tool in the novelist's arsenal, transforming simple narratives into rich, multifaceted works of art that can evoke strong emotional responses and stick in the brain long after the final page has been read. It allows authors to convey complex ideas succinctly and powerfully, offering readers a more profound and rewarding literary experience. It’s a tool I’m still learning to use as I write but that I find well worth exploring.